T2 Copper

Designation and Standards

International Common Grades:

• China: T2 (GB/T 5231-2012)

• America: C11000

• Japan: C1100

• Russia: M1

• UK: C102

Product Characteristics

• High Purity:

  Cu+Ag content ≥99.90%, with very low impurity content.

• Excellent Properties:

  Electrical Conductivity: Electrical conductivity ≥56 MS/m (approximately 97-101% IACS).

  Thermal Conductivity: Thermal conductivity ≥388 W/(m·K).

  Corrosion Resistance: Suitable for chemical, marine, and other corrosive environments.

• Processing Properties: Good ductility, easy to cold working, soldering and brazing, and surface treatment. However, resistance welding and gas shielded welding are not suitable.

• Limitations: Susceptible to "hydrogen embrittlement," and processing or use in high-temperature (>370°C) reducing atmospheres can cause embrittlement.

Common Product Forms and Specifications

Product Form	Specification Range	Standards Applied
Bar	Diameter 3-80mm (Hard state Y/Soft state M)	GB/T 2059-2017
Tube	Outer diameter 1-100mm, Wall thickness 0.5-10mm	GB/T 1527-2017
Strip/Plate	Thickness ≥0.3mm, Width ≤600mm	GB/T 2059-2017
Wire/Cable	Diameter 0.1-10mm	GB/T 5231-2012
Irregular Shape	Custom sizes as per customer requirements	Company standards or agreements

Note: There are significant performance differences between hard (Y) and annealed(M), and the choice should depend on the specific application.

Chemical Composition (GB/T 5231-2012)

Component	Cu+Ag	Sb	Fe	S	Bi	As	Pb	Other Impurities
Content (%)	≥99.90	≤0.002	≤0.005	≤0.005	≤0.001	≤0.002	≤0.005	≤0.1

Physical Properties

Property	Value
Density	8.89-8.94 g/cm³
Electrical Conductivity	97-101% IACS
Electrical Resistivity	0.0171-0.0178 μΩ·m
Thermal Conductivity	388 W/(m·K)
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion	17.64×10⁻⁶/K
Specific Heat Capacity	0.386 J/(g·K)
Elastic Modulus	115 GPa

Mechanical Properties

Condition	Tensile Strength (MPa)	Elongation (%)	Rockwell Hardness (HRF)
Hard (Y)	≥210-275	≥10-16	≥65
Annealed(M)	≥200	≥40	–

Note: Y is suitable for high strength requirements, while M is suitable for applications requiring high ductility.

Core Advantages

• High Electrical/Thermal Conductivity:

  Ideal material for electrical power transmission and heat dissipation devices.

• Corrosion Resistance:

  Suitable for chemical pipelines, marine equipment, and harsh environments.

• Ease of Processing:

  Supports cold stamping, drawing, polishing, and other processes.

Product Applications

• Electrical Electronics:

  Wires, cables, switch contacts, transformer components.

• Chemical Equipment:

  Evaporators, reaction vessels, corrosion-resistant pipelines.

• Automotive Manufacturing:

  Radiators, fuel pipes, electrical connectors.

• Construction and Decoration:

  Roofing materials, artistic sculptures.

Processing Considerations

• Hydrogen Embrittlement Prevention:

  Avoid annealing or welding in a reducing atmosphere above 370°C.

• Annealing Process:

  It is recommended to use a neutral or oxidizing atmosphere, with temperatures controlled between 500-600°C.

• Cold Processing Post-Treatment:

  Soft materials need to be annealed to restore ductility.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is "hydrogen embrittlement" and how can it be avoided?

A: Hydrogen embrittlement occurs when hydrogen permeates copper in high-temperature reducing atmospheres. This can be avoided by controlling the oxygen content in the processing environment.

Q: How do I choose between hard (Y) and annealed (M)?

A: Y is used for applications requiring high strength (e.g., screws), while M is used for components that require deep stamping (e.g., radiators).

Q: Is T2 copper suitable for electroplating?

A: Yes, it has excellent surface finish and electroplating properties.

Standards Reference

• Chemical Composition: GB/T 5231-2012.

• Bar/Strip: GB/T 2059-2017.

• Tube: GB/T 1527-2017.

Disclaimer: This datasheet is compiled from public standards and industry materials. Actual parameters may vary slightly due to production processes. Specific values should be verified with the supplier's test report. For complete technical documentation, please refer to the corresponding national standards or contact the supplier.